Innovation-Led Environmental Sustainability in Vietnam—Towards a Green Future

The motivation of the study is to assess role education, technological innovation, financial and clean energy consumption trade openness on environmental sustainability in Vietnam. implemented symmetric asymmetric frameworks document explanatory variables’ coefficients ES. Study findings suggest that prompt by lowering carbon emission ecological imbalance long short run. Regarding assessment, standard Wald test confirmed association run For directional causality, TY–Fourier causality test. It revealed bidirectional between innovation sustainability. In contrast, unidirectional ran from education ES FDI Policy recommendations have been derived empirical both investigations. These highlight importance prioritizing investments enhance Moreover, promoting technologies encouraging innovations can serve as additional catalysts for advancing sustainable practices. implications policy mentioned above offers valuable insights policymakers stakeholders their endeavor develop strategies achieve While contribute our understanding determinants Vietnam, it important note study’s scope limited examined determinants. Other factors not included may also a significant role.